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As for some other bugs this only happens if something is assembled before the label being defined. (The test4.nas case drops the NOP and thus works.) I first noticed that this occurred when the equate is only different in capitalisation but as test5.nas shows this is not needed to cause the bug. test$ cat test.nas nop Foo: global Foo foo equ Foo extern foo call foo test$ cat test2.nas nop Foo: foo equ Foo extern foo call foo test$ cat test3.nas nop Foo: foo equ Foo extern foo test$ cat test4.nas Foo: foo equ Foo extern foo test$ cat test5.nas nop foo: bar equ foo extern bar test$ nasm -v NASM version 2.16.02rc2 compiled on Oct 12 2023 test$ nasm -f obj test.nas test.nas:7: error: label `foo' inconsistently redefined test.nas:6: info: label `foo' originally defined here test$ nasm -f obj test2.nas test2.nas:6: error: label `foo' inconsistently redefined test2.nas:5: info: label `foo' originally defined here test$ nasm -f obj test3.nas test3.nas:6: error: label `foo' inconsistently redefined test3.nas:5: info: label `foo' originally defined here test$ nasm -f obj test4.nas test$ nasm -f obj test5.nas test5.nas:6: error: label `bar' inconsistently redefined test5.nas:5: info: label `bar' originally defined here test$